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Please
note that the page numbers refer to the printed version of Superior Force.
This index
is provided for reference purposes only.
Note: Spellings of names, places and ships are those that were in common use throughout the period.
Figures appearing after ships’ names indicate year of completion, main armament and approximate measurements for weight, length and design speed.
Abadan, 263 Abruzzi, Vice-Ammiraglio Luigi Amedeo di Savoia-Aosta, Duke of the (1873-1933) Italian Inspector of Torpedo Craft (1911-12); Commander-in-Chief, Italian Fleet at Taranto
(1914-17), 13, 15 acquittal (of Troubridge), v, 294-5 Admiralissimo, French, 289 Admiral Spaun (Austrian scout cruiser, 1910), 376 n.31 Admiral Superintendent, Malta, 28, 100, 121, 183, 190, 279, 285, 349 Adrianople, 156-9, 223 Adriatic, iv, 5, 7, 12, 18, 21, 29, 3-2, 34-5, 52-3, 74-6, 79-81, 84, 86-7, 90-93, 95-6, 100-106, 113, 120-24, 125, 127, 129, 130, 132, 133, 135, 137, 156, 184-5, 192, 243-5, 268-9, 271-4, 276, 287-9, 299, 302, 304-5, 309, 323, 335, 350-1, 386 n.21, 398 n.5 Aegean, i, 20, 75, 93, 116, 120-3, 125, 127-32, 135, 138, 150, 156-9, 161, 163, 165, 167-9, 175, 183-4, 187-8, 194-5, 228-9, 251, 271, 272, 274, 276-7, 281, 288-9, 308-9, 312, 401 n.66 Aegean Islands question (see Islands question) Afghan army, 327 Afghanistan, 263 Africa, 6, 55 African coast, 51, 55, 70, 72, 74, 86, 93, 180, 268 Agadir, 6 Agamemnon (British semi-dreadnought, 1908, 4x12in, 16,090 tons, 443 ft, 18kts), 309, 311, 315, 318, 323-4, 427 n.31, 428 n.56 agents (see secret agents) Agincourt (British dreadnought, ex-Sultan Osman I, ex-Rio de Janeiro, 1914, 14x12in, 27,500 tons, 671ft, 22kts), 258, 421 n.3 aircraft, 168, 314-6, 318, 321-3 Aivali, 228 Ajaccio, 89 Alatri, 15 Albania, 16, 21, 23, 28, 32, 154, 156, 158, 160-1, 180, 211 Albanian revolt, 154-5 Albatross (German aeroplane), 321 Albertini, Luigi, 409 n.6 Alexandretta (Iskenderun), 21, 132, 228, 236 Alexandria, 15, 21, 24-5, 28, 34, 99, 132, 136, 138, 145, 189, 220, 309, 333, 348, 351 Algeciras, 14 Algeria, 62, 88, 388 n.53 Algerian Army Corps (see Nineteenth Army Corps) Algiers, 44, 51-2, 55, 56-7, 88 Alice, Princess, 149 Allenby, General (later Field Marshal Viscount) Edmund Henry (1861-1936) Commanded Egyptian Expeditionary Force (1917-18), 308, 326 Amalfi (Italian armoured cruiser, 1909, 4x10in, 9,832 tons, 23.5kts, 461ft), 153 Ambria (German steamship), 333, 391 n.35 ambush, 118 America, 169 American coal, 181 Amery, Leo, 329 Amiral Charnier (French armoured cruiser, 1894, 2x7.6in, 4,700 tons, 18.5kts, 348ft), 394 n.32 ammunition, 36, 50, 172, 295, 342, 353 Anatolia, 327 Andrew, Prince, 149 Andros, 134 Andros (German steamship), 333 Anglo-French Convention, 5, 41, 55, 93, 285 Anglo-French co-operation, 89 Anglo-French Entente, iii, 3 Anglo-French naval talks, 10, 21, 33 annexation, 157, 161, 180 Arabs, 263 Archangel, 230 Argentina, 167-8 Arif Pasha (Turkish Admiral), 426 n.23 Armenian atrocities, 327 Armenians, 326 armistice, 156, 158, 310, 326 Armstrong (shipbuilders), 163, 165-6, 172, 299, 300 Arthur, Prince, 379 n.77 Asia, central, 327 Aspern (Austrian protected cruiser, 1900, 8x12cm, 2,613 tons, 21kts, 317ft), 376 n.31 Asquith, Herbert Henry (1852-1928) Liberal MP (1886-1918, 1920-4). Home Secretary (1892-5); Chancellor of the Exchequer (1905-8); Prime Minister (1908-16); Secretary of State for War (30 March-5 August, 1914), 41, 55, 147, 260, 328-30, 375 n.12, 385 n.82 appoints Churchill to Admiralty, 7 his infelicitous conclusions, 9 opinion of Milne, 16-7 and British policy, July-August 1914, 35-6, 38-9, 328-30 his thoughts, 40 orders mobilization, 42 refuses to sanction attack on Goeben, 61-2 opinion of Venizelos, 212 and Turkish ambivalence, 215-6 and Greek offer, 217 orders Dardanelles Inquiry, 244 desires that Constantinople should be Russian, 262 convenes War Council, 264 assassinations: King George 1, 148 Sarajevo, 14, 20, 272 Talaat Pasha, 327 Athens, v-vii, 78, 119, 121-2, 130-32, 137-9, 148-9, 152, 159-61, 167-71, 173-5, 180-1, 183-8, 190, 192, 194, 198, 200, 205, 208, 210, 216, 220, 222, 224-5, 227, 230, 239, 242, 245, 260, 265, 276-9, 281-2, 334-6, 400 n.52, 403 n.14 Atlantic, iv, 4, 10, 49-50, 54, 58, 389 n.68 atrocities, see Armenian atrocities Australia, iv Austria, iii, 3, 5, 9, 12, 18, 28-9, 41, 49, 74-5, 80-1, 92, 100, 121, 123-30, 133, 149, 154, 156, 159-60, 174-5, 184-5, 187, 192, 212, 214, 218, 221, 227, 238, 253, 256, 260-1, 264, 267, 288, 335, 350-1, 354, 383 n56 Austrian Declaration of War, 23 Austro-Hungarian Navy, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15, 26-7, 31, 44, 50, 76, 79, 80-1, 104, 106-7, 113-4, 120, 124-7, 132-3, 138, 273-4, 299, 304-5, 309, 335-6, 348, 350, 380 n.10, 398 n.5 Averoff, Giorgio, 151 Averoff (Greek armoured cruiser, 1911, 4x9.2in, 9,958 tons, 22kts, 462ft), 152-3, 157, 163-4, 229 Azores, 27
Babcock & Willcox, 168 Baghdad, 176 Bag(h)dad Railway, 326 Bahrein, 263 Balearics, 55-6, 59, 88, 269 Balfour, Sir Arthur James (later the Earl of Balfour, 1848-1930) Conservative MP (1874-85, 1885-1906, 1906-22). First Lord of the Treasury (1891-2, 1895-1902); Prime Minister (1902-5); First Lord of the Admiralty (1915-6); Foreign Secretary (1916-9), 283, 329, 420 n.32, 427 n.50 Balkan crisis, 5, 12, 17 Balkan Wars, 11, 151, 159, 161, 163, 172, 255 Balkan League, 154-5, 158 Balkan Confederation, 211-5, 217-8, 220-3 Baltic, 375 n.13 Barbarossa Heireddin (Turkish battleship, ex-Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm, 1891, modernized 1903-5, 9,900 tons, 6x280mm), 157 barracks, Tache Kéchla, 14 Barrow, Sir Edmund (Military Secretary of the India Office), 263 Basra, 87, 263 Bassewitz (German Chargé in Athens), 175 Battenberg, Prince Louis Alexander of (later Admiral of the Fleet, Marquess of Milfordhaven, 1854-1921) Director of Naval Intelligence, 1903-5; commanded 2nd Cruiser Squadron, 1905-7; second in command, Mediterranean 1908; C-in-C, Atlantic Fleet, 1910; Second Sea Lord, 1911; First Sea Lord, 1912-4. iv, vii, 12, 17, 19, 24, 27, 34-5, 41-2, 55, 61, 76, 93, 120, 149, 165-6, 170, 210, 224, 272, 281, 295, 384 n.76, 394 n.37, 398 n.5, 402 n.68, 412 n.18, 418 n.3, 422 n.18 recommends withdrawal of British ships from Mediterranean, 28-29 orders Goeben to be shadowed by two battle cruisers, 29, 31-2, 102-3 believes Goeben heading towards Gibraltar, 54, 60, 302 and respecting Italian neutrality, 62-3, 66, 75, 90-1, 269 replaced by Fisher, 67 orders blockade of Dardanelles, 139-40 friendship with Kerr, 145-7, 150, 205, 242 recommends Kerr for Greek Naval Mission, 148 disparages Turkish navy, 163-4 his reputation, 275-6, 283 his support for Milne, 288-90, 297 his indictment of Troubridge, 291, 293 Bax-Ironside, Sir Henry George Outram (1859-1929) British Minister at Berne (1909-11); at Sofia (1911-15), 221 Beagle (British destroyer, 1909, for details see Grasshopper), 96-7, 293 Beatty, Admiral David (1871-1936) Naval Secretary to the First Lord (1912); in command of the 1st Battle Cruiser Squadron from (1914); C-in-C, Grand Fleet (1916-19); First Sea Lord (1919-27), 9, 17, 320 Beauchamp, Lord (William Lygon, 1872-1938) Lord President of the Council (1914-15), 40, 384 n.82 Beaumont, Sir Henry (1867-1949) Counsellor at Athens (1910-4); Counsellor at Constantinople (1914: Chargé d’Affaires July-August 1914), 169, 300 Beirut, 21, 24 Belgian neutrality, 25, 38, 61, 388 n.50, 384 n.82 Belgian Security Treaty, 39 Belgium, 40, 329-30 Benckendorff, Count Alexander (1849-1917) Russian Ambassador at London (1903-17), 132-3, 137, 262, 335 Berchtold, Leopold, Count Von (1863-1942) Austro-Hungarian Ambassador at St. Petersburgh (1906-11); Minister for Foreign Affairs (1912-15), 238 Beresford, Admiral Sir Charles William de la Poer (1846-1919) Conservative MP (1874-80, 1885-9, 1897-1900, 1902, 1910-6). Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean (1905-7); Channel (1907-9), 16, 352 Berlin, 15, 49-51, 53, 62, 74, 79-80, 129, 136, 160, 162, 173, 175-7, 180-2, 189, 200, 219-20, 252, 254, 268, 277-8, 326 Bertie, Sir Francis Leveson (since 1915, 1st Baron; 1918, 1st Viscount, 1844-1919) British Ambassador at Rome (1903-4); at Paris (1905-18), 124, 133, 212, 264, 405 n.41 Besika Bay, 157 Bethmann-Hollweg, Herr Theobald von (1856-1921) Prussian Minister of the Interior (1905-7); German Minister for the Interior (1907-9); German Imperial Chancellor (1909-17), 179 Bienaimé, Amiral Amadée (conducted the French parliamentary inquiry into the Goeben affair), 44 Birmingham (British light cruiser), 326 Bismarck, 14 Bizerta (Biserta), 43, 45, 55, 59-60, 70, 76, 83, 87, 89, 91-2, 118, 124, 267, 269-70, 287, 420 n.9 Black Sea, i, 48, 121, 133, 135, 141, 165, 176, 195, 208-9, 222-3, 225, 251-2, 254-6, 264, 274, 278, 280, 308-10, 335-6, 348, 403 n.14 Black Prince (British first class armoured cruiser, 1906, 6x9.2in, 13,550 tons, 23kts, 505ft), 24, 27, 101, 396 n.7 Blackburn Baby (aeroplane), 315 Blake, Robert, 329-30 Blohm and Voss, 12-3 Blücher (German armoured cruiser, 1910, 12x8.2in, 15,590 tons, 24kts, 530ft), 203-4, 337-8 Bogados (Bogabos, Bogadir, Bogador), 122, 134-5, 190-3, 198, 247, 411 n.47 (see also Polymitis) Boghali, 317 Bokhara, 327 Bolsheviks, 326-7 Bombay, 263 Bona, 49-51, 54, 56, 58-60, 87 Bonifacio, 75 Bosnia-Herzegovina, 5, 211 Bosnian crisis, 6 Bosphorus, 13, 19-20, 48, 79, 87, 154, 171, 222, 260-1, 266 Boulogne, 37 Bourchier, James David (1850-1920) Times’ correspondent in the Balkan peninsula (1892-1918), 154-5, 173 Bowalar (Bowalor), 82, 119 Boyle, Captain W. H. D. (British Naval Attaché), 18, 164, 354-6 Brandenburg (German battleship), 152, 164 Brazil, 165-6 Brazilian battleships, 163-4, 166 Breslau (German light cruiser, 1912, 12x4.1in, 4,570 tons, 27.5kts, 455ft ), i, v-vi, 11, 15-6, 22-3, 26, 28-9, 32, 34, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50-4, 57-61, 64-5, 68-72, 74-78, 81-4, 86, 88-92, 94-8, 101, 106, 108, 113, 116-22, 125, 127, 132-7, 139-40, 177, 180, 182-3, 187-8, 190-7, 199-200, 210, 213, 215, 242, 252, 254, 258-60, 264, 268-9, 271, 274, 277-9, 282-3, 285-6, 288-90, 292, 298, 302, 308-16, 324, 331, 333-4, 341-2, 344, 381 n.16, 387 n.34, 390 n.6, 395 n.45, 403 n.12, 404 n.28, 411 n.44, 412 n.4 Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of, 424 n.2 Bridgeman, Admiral Sir Francis Charles (1848-1929) Commander-in-Chief, Home Fleet (1907-9); First Sea Lord (1911-2, removed to make way for Battenberg), 147 Brindisi, 16, 28, 32, 46, 48, 68, 99, 104, 381 n.16 British Cabinet, 5, 9, 25, 28, 36-42, 46, 49, 61-2, 66, 141, 156, 159, 202-3, 215, 217-8, 255, 257, 268-9, 328, 384 n.74 British Expeditionary Force, 36-7, 40, 330 Brixham, 331 Broome, Viscount (Henry Franklin Chevalier Kitchener), 339, 343 Bruix (French armoured cruiser, 1896, 2x7.6in, 4,700 tons, 19kts, 348ft), 394 n.32 Brussels, 173-5 Buchanan, Sir George William (1854-1924) British Agent and Consul-General in Bulgaria (1903-9); Ambassador at St Petersburg (1910-18); at Rome (1919-21), 131, 212, 221, 229, 261, 263, 334-5, 419 n.25 Bucharest, 219-20, 229 Buckingham Palace, 384 n.73 Bulair, 228 Bulgaria, 49, 171, 174, 179, 182, 189, 211, 215-6, 218, 237, 240, 264-5, 282, 415 n.44, 416 n.26, n28 declares independence, 5 attitude of, 79-80, 141, 175, 177, 212, 214, 279 and Balkan League, 154-5 First Balkan War, 156, 158 Second Balkan War, 158-9 believed to be siding with Central Powers, 180-1, 239 concession of Greek territory to, 213, 220-2, 227, 235-6 Greek fears of, 217, 223, 228-33, 237, 239-40, 246 negotiations with Turkey, 219 negotiations with Austria, 238 enters war, 255 capitulation of, 326 Bulldog (British destroyer, for details see Grasshopper), 96-9, 293 Bürkner, Dr, 338 Burney, Vice-Admiral Sir Cecil (a member of the Troubridge court-martial bench), 17 Burnu (see Nagara) Buxton, Noel Edward (1869-1948) Liberal MP (1905-6, 1910-18), Labour MP (1922-30). Co-founded the Balkan Committee (1903), 223-4, 415 n.44 Bywater, Hector, 338
Cabinet (see British Cabinet, Greek Cabinet, Imperial German Cabinet, Turkish Cabinet) Caillard, 300 Cairo, 137 Calabria, 52 Calais, 37 Callaghan, Sir George Astley, Admiral (1852-1920) Admiral commanding the First and Second Fleets (1911-14); Commander-in-Chief, the Nore (1915-18), 292-3, 297 Callwell, Major-General Charles Edward (1859-1928) Intelligence Branch, War Office (1887-92). Retired from the Army in 1909 and recalled to the active list in 1914. Director of Military Operations and Intelligence (1914-6), 224-5, 265 Cambon, M. Paul (1843-1924) French Ambassador at London (1898-1920), 10-1, 35-41, 65, 124, 328, 382 n.50, 384 n.77 Campbell-Bannerman, Sir Henry (1836-1908) Liberal MP (1868-1908); Prime Minister (5 December 1905-4 April 1908), 375 n.12 Canada, iv Canadian dreadnoughts, iv Cape Bon, 53, 89, 93 Cape Calonna, 85 Cape Corso, 88 Cape de Fer, 88 Cape Dimitri, 136 Cape Helles, 139, 312, 315-6 Cape Malea, 78, 82, 118, 122, 134-6, 190 Cape St Vincent, 349 Cape Santa Maria di Leuca, 5 Cape Spartel, 331 Cape Spartivento, 50, 53, 90, 94 Cape Spathi, 118, 122, 186, 399 n.13 Cape Town, 191 Cape Vito, 88 Capitulations, 177 Carden, Vice-Admiral Sackville Hamilton (1857-1930) Admiral Superintendent, Malta (1912-4); Commander of Anglo-French Squadrons in the Eastern Mediterranean (20 September 1914-16 March 1915), 241, 285 Carnock, Lord: see Nicolson, Sir Arthur Carol [Charles] I (King of Roumania, 1881-1914), 160, 253 Cartwright, Sir Fairfax L. (1857-1928) Councillor of British Embassy at Madrid (1905-6); Minister Resident at Munich and Stuttgart (1906-8); Ambassador at Vienna, (1908-13), 354-5 Casablanca, 5 Cavalla (Kavalla), 159, 180, 182, 200, 221-2, 238-9 Cavendish, Lieutenant E. G. C., 425 n.11 Cephalonia, 99, 101, 105 Cervi Channel, 106, 118-21, 130, 138, 184 Chamberlain, Joseph Austen (1863-1937) Conservative MP (1892-1937); Chancellor of the Exchequer (1903-5), 329 Chanak, 20, 78, 82, 139-40, 191, 310, 320 Charlemagne (French battleship, 1895, 4x12in, 11,100 tons, 18kts, 374ft), 45 Charmley, Dr John, 418 n.3 Chatham, 21, 297 Chatham (British light cruiser, 1912, 8x6in, 5,400 tons, 25.5kts, 458ft), 19, 24, 31, 34, 51-3, 60, 72, 74, 76, 90, 111 Cheetham (British Chargé d’Affaires, Cairo, 1914), 137, 391 n.27 Cherbourg, 37 China, 21, 169, 425 n.11 Chios, 134, 156-7 Chocheprat, Vice-Admiral, 55-7 cholera, 156 Church, Captain W. D. (Captain, HMS Weymouth, 1914), 139-40 Churchill, Sir Winston (1874-1965) President of the Board of Trade (1908-10); Home Secretary (1910-11); First Lord of the Admiralty (1911-5), iv-v, 17-8, 21, 29, 38-43, 51-2, 55, 67, 74-5, 114, 129, 164-6, 170, 192, 205, 223, 227, 230-1, 235-7, 239-42, 256, 260, 276, 283-4, 289-91, 295-7, 300, 328, 375 n.15, 377 n.54, 378 n.55, 381 n.25, 382 n.48, 389 n.56, 415 n.44, 418 n.60-61, n.3, 421 n.3 views on Mediterranean strategy, 6, 8-10, 24-5, 28, 376 n.22, 379 n.4 appointed First Lord, 7 and ‘superior force’ telegram, 25-7, 34, 380 n.9-10 misgivings about small cruisers, 30 drafting operational telegrams, 34, 66, 295, 394 n.37 declares Goeben to be primary objective, 35 pledge to France, 41 seeks authorization to engage Goeben, 61-2 and Italian neutrality, 63, 394 n.37, 418 n.3 and centralization at Admiralty, 66-7, 276, 283 and declaration of war against Austria, 123-4 appoints Kerr, 147-9 appeals to Enver Pasha, 215 and plan to seize Gallipoli Peninsula, 224-5, 264-5 orders Kerr to remain in Greece, 241 and Dardanelles Commission, 243-4 his enmity towards Turks, 257-8 his apologia, 267-70, 275 attitude towards Troubridge, 305-6 Clerk, Sir George R. (1874-1951) First Secretary at Constantinople (1910-2); Senior Clerk at the Foreign Office (Eastern Department, 1913-4), 65, 236 Clowes, Laird, ii Coatit (Italian protected cruiser, 1900, 12x3in, 1,340 tons, 23kts, 300ft), 376 n.31 Comte de Saint-Seine (French Naval Attaché): see Saint-Seine. Committee of Imperial Defence, iv, 6, 8-9, 147, 245, 283, 300 Committee of Union and Progress, 154, 175-6, 220, 326 Condouriotis, Admiral Paul, (1855-1935) Commander-in-Chief, Greek navy, during Balkan Wars. First President of the Greek Republic (1924), 157, 185, 228, 241 Confederation, Balkan, 211-2, 215, 218, 220-3 Connaught, Duke of (see Arthur, Prince) Conservatives, 36, 329 Constantine (1868-1923) King of Greece (1913-17 and 1920-2), 148-50, 159-60, 167, 181-82, 185, 194, 197, 204, 207, 210-1, 222, 230-1, 235, 240, 277, 406 n.16, 413 n.31 relations with Kerr, 149, 200-2, 245, 281-2 favours neutrality, 179-80, 212, 214, 228, 231, 409 n.6 reveals contents of 4 August telegram, 183, 199-200 opposes territorial concessions, 221-2 relations with Allies, 230 dispute with Venizelos, 232-4 Constantinople, iv, 11, 13-4, 18-20, 32, 35, 48-50, 78-9, 81-2, 117, 119, 121, 133-8, 140, 146, 148, 151, 154-9, 163-4, 166, 169, 171-5, 177, 183, 190, 194-5, 200, 208-9, 215, 218-20, 222-3, 228-9, 236, 253, 256-66, 268, 272-3, 275, 278-9, 292, 299-301, 306-7, 310, 320-2, 325-6, 328, 336, 406 n.20, 410 n.38, 413 n.33, 420 n.14-15, 426 n.24 Corbett, Sir Julian (1854-1922) Naval historian, 246, 298 Corfu, 101, 187-9, 202, 206, 320, 426 n.29 Corsica, 75, 88-9 Cosmetatos, S. P., 411 n.44 Cottrell (British consul), 187 Courbet (French battleship, 1913, 12x12in, 22,189 tons, 20kts, 551ft), 56-7, 88 Court of Inquiry, vi-vii, 120, 291, 298, 304 Craigforth (English merchant ship), 87 Crete, 5, 48, 119, 130, 135, 158, 184, 187 Crewe, Marquess (1858-1945) Secretary of State for the Colonies (1908-10); Secretary of State for India (1910-15), 39-40, 215, 263 cricket, 20, 379 n.74 Crowe, Sir Eyre (1864-1925) Entered Foreign Office (1885). Senior Clerk, British Foreign Office (1906-12); Assistant Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs (1912-20); Permanent Under-Secretary (1920-5), 19, 123-4, 214-5, 300-1, 354-5, 408 n.41 Cumming, Mansfield George Smith, 353 Cunliffe-Owen, Major Frederick (1868-1946) Attached to the Greek Army during the Balkan Wars (1912-3); Military Attaché to Turkey (1913-4); Lieutenant-Colonel (October 1914), 222, 300 Cunninghame, Colonel Sir Thomas Montgomery (British Military Attaché), 197 Curzon, Lord, 424 n.34 Curzon-Howe, Admiral, 378 n.57 Cyclades, 134 Cyprus, 239
Daniels, Josephus (American Secretary of the Navy), 169 Danmark (Turkish tug), 321 Danton (French battleship, 1911, 4x12in, 18,318 tons, 19kts, 481ft), 55 Dar-es-Salaam, 48 Dardanelles (see also Gallipoli), i, vi, 20, 68, 78-81, 119, 124, 131, 133-4, 136, 138, 153, 156-7, 171, 176-7, 179, 182-4, 186, 188, 190, 193, 195, 209-10, 215, 219, 222, 225, 230-1, 236-7, 240-1, 243, 246, 259-61, 264, 267, 277-9, 283, 285-6, 290-1, 299, 308-9, 311-3, 315, 320, 323-4, 332, 334-5, 336, 340, 348, 351, 375 n.15, 403 n.12, 405 n.40 bombardment of, v, 258 mines laid in, 87, 137 Goeben arrives at, 139-40 Greek plan for capturing, 200, 228 Allied attack proposed, 223, 238, 242 Greek objections to proposal, 235, 238, 242 closure of, 255-6 Russian apprehension, 265 Dardanelles Inquiry, 67, 244, 251 Darrieus, Contre-Amiral (later Vice-Amiral) Pierre Joseph Gabriel Georges (1859-1931) Commanded Division des écoles de la Méditerranée (1913); commanded 3e escadre (Syrian Coast, 1914-15); commanded 2e escadre (1916-18), 44-5 Dartige du Fournet, Vice-Amiral Louis René (1856-1940) Senior Admiral of International Squadron at Constantinople (1912-13); Préfet Maritime, Bizerta, (1913-15), 89-90 Delcassé, M. Théophile (1852-1923) French Minister of Foreign Affairs (1898-1905 and 1914-9), 264 démarche, 157-8, 160 Demidoff (Demidov), Alim Pavlovich, Prince of San Donato, Russian Minister to Athens (1912-7), 183-4, 186, 211, 213, 216 Denusa, 134-5, 187, 271, 296, 412 n.4 Devonport, 287, 331-2 Devonshire, Duke of, 329 Dewar, Commander (later Vice-Admiral) Kenneth (1879-1964) Commander, HMS Prince of Wales, Home Fleet (1914), 71 Dillon, Dr. Emile Joseph (1854-1933) Philologist, author and journalist. Daily Telegraph correspondent (1887-1914), 173, 408 n.41 Dinusa (see Denusa) Division de Complement, 45 Djavid, Pasha (1875-1926) Turkish Deputy for Salonica, member of the CUP inner circle. Minister of Finance (1909-11, 1912- ), 176 Djemal Pasha, Ahmed (1872-1922) Member of the CUP Central Committee. Vali of Adana (1909); of Baghdad (1911); Military Governor of Constantinople (1913); Minister of Public Works (1914); Minister of Marine (1914); commanded the 4th Army in Syria (1914-7); Minister of Marine (1917-8), 14, 20, 168, 172, 254, 256, 276, 299-300, 326-7, 404 n.37, 411 n.52 Dodecanese, 153, 157, 161 Doiran, 220 Dönitz, Karl, Junior officer, SMS Breslau (1914), 16, 381 n.16 Doumerge, 259 Dover, 5, 58-9, 375 n.13 Drake (British first class armoured cruiser (1903, 2x9.2in (14,150 tons, 23kts, 533ft), 146 Dresden, 11-2 Dublin (British light cruiser, 1913, for details see Chatham), 24-5, 29, 43, 59-60, 70-4, 83-4, 95-8, 108, 119-20, 125, 267, 270-1, 273-4, 287-8, 293, 395 n.45, 423 n.27 Duke of Edinburgh (British first class armoured cruiser, for details see Black Prince), 10, 24, 31, 34, 50 Dumas, Captain (later Admiral) Philip Wylie (1868-1948) Naval Attaché, Germany, Denmark and Holland (1906-8); Secretary, Royal Commission on Oil Fuel (1912-13); commanded HMS Roxburgh (1913-14); Assistant Director of Torpedoes, Admiralty (1914-17); commanded HMS Agamemnon (1917-18), 65, 131, 137, 311, 315-6, 318-9, 321, 334, 336, 398 n.47, 413 n.33, 425 n.9, 427 n.31 Dunkirk, 243 Durazzo, 15, 21, 23-4, 390 n.6 Durham, Miss M. Edith (1863-1944) Balkan Correspondent of the Manchester Guardian, etc., 22 E12 (British submarine, 1914, 667 tons 181ft, 5x18in torpedo tubes), 319-20, 325-6 E14 (British submarine, 1914), 318-20, 426 n.29 Edward VII, King, 16, 145 Eggert [Eggers] (Master of SS Wilster), 77, 392.n37 Egypt, 9, 93, 106, 116, 119, 121-2, 130-2, 215-6, 218, 261, 264, 289, 324, 334, 376 n.22, 414 n.23 Elliot, Sir Francis Edmund Hugh (1851-1940) British Agent and Consul-General in Bulgaria (1895-1903); Minister at Athens (1903-17), 161, 169, 184, 220-3, 225, 227-31, 235, 237-41, 409 n.16 Emanuele Filiberto (Italian battleship, 1902, 10,082 tons, 366ft, 18kts, 4x10in), 376 n.31 embargo, 176, 257, 275 Emden, 425 n.11 emergency vocabulary, 101 Empress (British ship), 318, 428 n.54 Enos, 312 Enos-Midia Line, 158 Entente Cordiale (see Anglo-French entente) Enver Pasha (1882-1922) Turkish Military Attaché at Berlin (1909, 1912, 1913); served in the Italo-Turkish War (1912); Lieutenant-Colonel (1913); Major-General and Minister of War from 1914); commanded the Turkish Army in the Caucasus (1914-5), i, 79, 140, 158, 176-7, 215, 247, 252-7, 301, 306, 308-9, 326-7 Epirus, 155, 160-1 Erskine, Rt Hon. Sir William (1871-1952) Second son of the 11th Earl of Mar and Kellie. First Secretary, British Legation, Athens (1913-17), 169, 171-4, 184, 187-91, 193-4, 197-8, 201, 208-14, 216-7, 220, 277, 280, 334, 336, 408 n.16, 415 n.36 Esher, 2nd Viscount (Reginald Baliol Brett (1852-1930) Liberal MP (1880-5). A permanent member of the Committee of Imperial Defence (1905-18), 8, 16, 413 n25 Expeditionary Force (see under British or Indian) exportation of coal, 188, 190 expulsion of Greeks, 168 Fano, 101-2, 303-4, 396 n.16 Fashoda, ii Ferdinand, Archduke Franz, 13-4, 22 Ferdinand, King (1861-1948) King of Bulgaria (1909-18), 219, 416 n.28 Ferraby, H. C. 338 Findlay, Major (Aide de Camp to the Governor of Malta), 259 Fisher, Admiral Sir John Arbuthnot (later Admiral of the Fleet Lord Fisher of Kilverstone 1841-1920) Commander-in-Chief of the Mediterranean Squadron (1900-2); Second Sea Lord (1902); C-in-C, Portsmouth (1903); First Sea Lord (1904-10 and October 1914-May 1915). Head of the Royal Commission on Fuel and Engines (1912-4). Created Baron (1909), iii, 3-5, 7, 16-7, 27, 30, 67, 147, 204-5, 207, 243, 265, 271-2, 283, 290, 295-7, 337-8, 374 n.2, 375 n.11, 377 n.54, 378 n.55, n.57, 381 n.25, 413 n.25, 417 n.58, 420 n.32 Flanders, 256 fortifications (Dardanelles), 228 Frangulis, A.-F., 409 n.6 fraternization, 16, 425 n.11 Fremantle, Rear-Admiral (later Admiral Sir) Sydney (1867-1958) Prosecutor, Troubridge court-martial); commanded British Aegean Squadron (1917-18); Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff (1918-19), 293-4, 296, 303, 308-9 Fry, C. B., 379 n.77
Gaba Tepe, 228 Gallipoli campaign, v, 227, 235, 237, 242-3, 245, 265, 296 Gallipoli Peninsula, 223-5, 228, 234, 260, 264, 409 n.2 Gamble, Rear-Admiral (later Admiral) Douglas Austin (1856-1934) Naval Adviser to Turkish Government (1909-10); commander, 6th Cruiser Squadron (1910-4); 4th Battle Squadron (1914-5); Admiralty War Staff (1915-17), 152, 406 n.20 Ganges (collier), 87-8 Gaskell, Flight Lieutenant, 317 Gaulois (French battleship, 1899, 11,100 tons, 374ft, 18kts, 4x12in), 45 Gauthier, Dr Armand Elzéar, French Minister of Marine (1914), 44-6, 49, 272 Geddes, 325 General (German steamship), 48, 82, 332-3 Gennadius, John (1844-1932) Greek Minister to London (1910-8), 173, 414 n.23 Gibraltar, ii, iv, 8, 29, 54-5, 58-9, 63, 75, 102, 121, 138, 191, 288, 302, 349-50, 426 n.29 Giers, M. Michael Nikolaevich de (1856-1924) Russian Minister at Bucharest (1902-12); Ambassador at Constantinople (1912-4); at Rome (1915-7), 306 Gladstone, William Ewart, 330 Gliki aerodrome, 314 Gloire class, 311 Gloucester (British light cruiser, 1910, 4,800 tons, 453ft, 25kts, 2x6in), 24, 31, 34, 52-3, 74, 83, 85-6, 90-9, 101, 104-6, 108-9, 111, 113, 116-20, 125, 133-4, 139, 185, 188, 268, 271, 273, 286-9, 291, 293, 304, 395 n.45 Glucksburgs, 150 GMT (confusion with SMT), 127, 401 n.59 Goeben (German battle cruiser, 1912, 22,616 tons, 611ft, 26kts, 10x11.1in), i, iv-vi, 11-20, 24, 26, 28-35, 42, 44, 46-54, 56-62, 64-5, 68-78, 81-113, 115-22, 125-41, 148, 165, 176-7, 180, 182-3, 185-8, 190-200, 208-10, 213, 215, 222-3, 242, 247, 251-2, 254, 256-60, 264, 267-74, 276-80, 282-3, 285-306, 308-26, 331-2, 334-6, 375 n.8, 376 n.31, 377 n.37, 380 n.4, 381 n.16, 385 n.1, 387 n.31, n.34, 390 n.16, 391 n.27, 394 n.37, 395 n.45, n.57, 397 n.26, n.37, 398 n.47, n.49, 400 n.52, 401 n.66, 403 n.12, n.14, 404 n.28, 405 n.41, 411 n.44, 412 n.4, 418 n.3, 420 n.14, 426 n.24, n.28, 428 n.56 Gordon, Wing Commander, 318, 324 Goschen, Sir William Edward (1847-1924) British Ambassador at Vienna (1905-8); at Berlin (1908-14), 162 Gottberg, Otto von, 332-3 Gottlieb, W. W., 260, 277 Gough-Calthorpe, Vice-Admiral (later Admiral of the Fleet) Sir Arthur (1864-1937) Commanded 2nd Cruiser Squadron (1914-16); Second Sea Lord (1916); C-in-C, Mediterranean (1917-19), 323-5, 428 n.52 Graham’s Shoal, 72 Grand Vizier (see also Kiamil Pasha and Saïd Halim), i, 18-20, 48, 79-80, 140-1, 158, 162, 173-7, 190, 300, 306, 336 Grasshopper (British destroyer, 1909, 945 tons, 264ft, 27kts, 1x4in), 380 n.6, 400 n.35 Greece, 5, 25, 120, 129, 138, 145, 160, 162, 179, 182-3, 188-9, 191-2, 194, 197-8, 201-2, 204-5, 207-8, 210, 218, 223-4, 230, 240-2, 244-6, 251, 257, 259, 264-5, 276-7, 281-2, 354, 409 n.6, n.13, 413 n.18 tension with Turkey, 20, 150, 169, 171 British Naval Mission to, 152-3, 205, 210 and Balkan League, 154-5 and Balkan Wars, 156, 158-9 Aegean Islands question, 161 negotiations with Turkey, 173-5, 219-20 informed of Turco-German alliance, 180-1, 199 concessions of territory, 211-2, 227, 229, 235 pledge of support to Allies, 213-7 and Balkan Confederation, 221 and Allied proposals for Gallipoli campaign, 225-6, 228, 231-3, 236-8, 421 n.20 veto of use of troops, 239 war weariness, 278 Greek Navy, 147-9, 151, 157, 163-72 intercepts German signals, 121, 185-6 Greek Cabinet, 159, 216, 234 Greek Minister of Marine, 148, 167, 179, 228, 240 Greene, Sir William Graham (1857-1950) Principal Clerk, Admiralty (1902-7); Assistant Secretary (1907-11); Permanent Secretary (1911-7), 170, 390 n.75 Grey, Sir Edward (since 1916, Viscount (1862-1933) Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (11 December 1905 — 11 December 1916), 19, 20, 25, 55, 61, 63, 78, 129, 137, 159, 163-8, 172-3, 189, 192-3, 206, 208, 210, 214-7, 219-20, 225, 230, 232, 235-41, 257, 260, 268, 278, 327, 330, 334, 336, 354-6, 383 n.56, 385 n.82, 403 n.12, 419 n.25 consents to Anglo-French naval talks, 4-5, 375 n.11-12 Grey-Cambon letters, 11 denies obligation to French, 35-9, 328 gives pledge to Cambon, 40-2 deliveries ultimatum to Berlin, 62, 388 n.50 and declaration of war against Austria, 123-4 warned by Russians that Goeben is proceeding to Dardanelles, 133, 335 St James’s Conference, 156-8 Islands question, 161-2 grants leave to Mallet, 169 concerned at closure of Dardanelles, 171 tries to absolve Foreign Office, 195, 279 supports Balkan Confederation, 212, 218, 221-2 reproves Churchill, 224 and Turkish neutrality, 227, 229 supports Russian war aims, 261-5 Gueshov, Ivan, Prime Minister of Bulgaria, 155 Gulf of Saros, 312
Hague Convention (1907), 63 Haifa, 14, 20 Haines, Albert Edward, 344 Haldane, Richard Burdon (since 1911 1st Viscount, 1856-1928) Liberal MP (1885-1911). Secretary of State for War (1905-12); Lord Chancellor (1912-5), 7, 36, 42, 375 n.12 Halil Pasha, (Chairman of the Turkish Chamber of Deputies), 219-20, 405 n.38 Halki, 334 Hall, Rear-Admiral (later Admiral Sir) William Reginald (1870-1943) Director of the Intelligence Division at the Admiralty (1914-8), 251 Hamburg, 12, 76, 166 Hamburg-Amerika Line, 391 n.35 Hamburger Fremdenblatt, 332 Hamidieh (Turkish protected cruiser, 1903, 3,830 tons, 340ft, 22kts, 2x6in), 157 Hamilton, Vice-Admiral Sir Frederick Tower (1856-1917) Second Sea Lord (1914-6), vii, 242, 296, 298-9 Hampshire (British first class armoured cruiser, 1905, 10,850 tons, 473ft, 22kts, 4x7.5in), 10, 21, 376 n.31, 418 n.60 Handley Page, 426 n.24 Hankey, Maurice Pascal Alers (later 1st Baron Hankey (1877-1963) Entered Royal Marine Artillery (1895); Captain (1899). Naval Intelligence Department (1902-7); Assistant Secretary of the Committee of Imperial Defence (1908-12); Secretary, C.I.D. (1912-38); of the War Council, November 1914-May 1915); of the Dardanelles Committee, May-November 1915); of the Cabinet War Committee, December 1915-December 1916); of the War Cabinet (1916-8). Lieutenant-Colonel, Royal Marines (1914), 243, 256, 420 n.32 Hansard, 330 Hapsburg Empire, 261 Harcourt, Lewis (first Viscount Harcourt, 1863-1922), 384 n.82 Hardinge, Sir Charles (since 1910 (1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst (1858-1944) Assistant Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (1903-4); Ambassador at St. Petersburg (1904-6); Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (1906-10); Viceroy and Governor-General of India (1910-6); Ambassador at Paris (1920-2), 382 n.50 Harpy (British destroyer, 1909, see Grasshopper for details), 421 n.5 Hartlepool, 331 Hastings, Superintendent of ETC on Syra, 132, 187, 197-8, 402 n.79 Haus, Admiral Anton, Commander-in-Chief of the Austro-Hungarian navy, 15, 50, 80-1, 377 n.51 Hayes-Sadler, Rear-Admiral (later Vice-Admiral) Arthur (1863-1952) Commanded HMS Ocean (1914-15); Rear-Admiral, Salonica and Piraeus (1916-17); commanded British Aegean Squadron (1918, Relieved by the Admiralty after the Goeben sortie of January 1918), 310-1, 316-7, 319, 322, 324-6, 428 n.52 Hazlehurst, Cameron, 384 n74 Hedditch, Petty Officer Robert John, 344 Hellespont, 172 Henderson, Captain, 129 Heraclea Island, 311 Hervey, Flight Lieutenant, 322 Heyderbeck, Kapitan Leutnant von, 425 n.11 Hicks, Flight Commander, 320 Hildebrandt, Reserve Lieutenant, 135, 403 n.3 Horniman, Rear-Admiral Henry, Fleet Paymaster, HMS Inflexible (1914), 110, 398 n.49 Horseguards Parade, 64 Hoskins, Admiral Sir Anthony, 146 Humann, Korvettenkapitän Hans. Son of a noted archaeologist. Commander of the German Naval base (Etappenkommando), Constantinople (1914). Formerly commander of Loreley, the German stationnaire at the Porte, 259 Hungary (see Austria-Hungary) Hussar (Admiralty yacht), 18-9 Hyde Park Hotel, 398 n.49 hydraulic power, 18, 346-7 Idaho (American battleship), 169, 172 Imbros, 157, 309-17, 320, 322 Imperial German Cabinet, 11 Indefatigable (British battle cruiser, 1911, 18,500 tons, 590ft, 25kts, 8x12in), 9, 18, 24, 29, 31, 52-4, 58, 60, 62, 68, 70-4, 83, 87, 90-1, 102-3, 118, 126, 136, 302, 375 n.8 Indian Expeditionary Force, 262-3 Indomitable (British battle cruiser, 1908, 17,373 tons, 567ft, 25kts, 8x12in), 9, 18, 24, 29, 31, 34, 50, 52-4, 58-62, 68-74, 76-7, 83, 87-93, 102-3, 118, 125-6, 136, 202, 225, 267, 269-70, 274, 287, 289, 302, 337, 399 n.17, 420 n.9 Inflexible (British battle cruiser, 1908, for details see Indomitable), 9, 12, 17-21, 24, 30, 32-3, 54, 70, 73-4, 76, 83, 90-1, 107, 110, 118-9, 121-2, 125-6, 136-7, 268, 274, 285, 287, 302, 337, 377 n.37, 392 n.1, 398 n.49, 400 n.35, 404 n.19 Inglefield, Captain, 245 intelligence network, 205, 353 Invincible (British battle cruiser, 1909, for details see Indomitable), iii, 4, 9, 18, 24, 146-7, 202-4, 337-8, 346-7, 373 n.8 Invincible class, 337, 374 n.7, 375 n.8 Ionian Islands, 350 Ionian Sea, 157 Ireland, 146 Ironside, see Bax-Ironside Islamic Revolution, 327 Islands question, 161, 165, 172-3, 175, 219-20, 228-9, 251, 416 n.17 Isle of Hastings (British steamer), 51, 62 Isvolsky, M. Alexander (1856-1919) Russian Minister for Foreign Affairs (1906-10); Ambassador at Paris (1910-7), i, 195, 259 Italian Declaration of Neutrality, 63, 66, 75, 80, 90, 103, 267, 288, 394 n.37, 418 n.3 Italian Navy, 5, 7, 9, 44, 80, 114, 153, 165, 348 Italy, ii-iii, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15, 24-9, 41, 45-6, 49, 52, 58, 63, 77, 79-80, 90, 92, 121, 125, 128-9, 149, 153-4, 156, 160-1, 165, 173, 179-80, 229, 261, 264, 269, 272, 288, 302, 332, 351, 376 n.31, 377 n.51, 389 n.57, 392 n.35, 401 n.65 Ithaca, 189 Jackson, Admiral Sir Henry Brawardine (1855-1929) Commanded RN War College (1911-13); Chief of Admiralty War Staff (1913); was destined to replace Milne as C-in-C, Medt. (1914) but appointment rescinded; First Sea Lord (May 1915-Decemebr 1916); President, RN College, Greenwich (1916-19), 285, 379 n.76, 381 n.25, 421 n.3 Jaffa, 106 Jagow, Gottlieb von (1863-1935) German Foreign Secretary (1913-6), 156, 162, 174 jamming of signals, 50, 95, 98, 318 Jane, Fred T., 337 Janes Fighting Ships, 338 Janina, 156, 158 Japan, 169, 261, 283, 292 Jehad, 263 Jellicoe, Admiral (later Admiral of the Fleet) Sir John Rushworth (1859-1935) Second Sea Lord (1912-14); Commander-in-Chief of the Grand Fleet (1914-6); First Sea Lord (1916-7). Created Viscount (1918); 1st Earl (1925), 378 n.55 Jerusalem, 308 Jiddah, 87 Joffre, General Joseph Jacques Césaire (1852-1931) Chief of French General Staff (1911); C-in-C, French Armies in north and north-east (1914); C-in-C of French Armies in the west (1915-16), 46 Juno class (British cruiser class), 311 Jurien de la Graviere (French protected cruiser, 1903, 5,595 tons, 449ft, 23kts, 8x6.4in), 394 n.32 Jutland, 338, 400 n.58
Kagul (Russian ship), 376 n.31 Karachi, 263 Kastoria, 220 Kavalla (see Cavalla) Kawak (German steamship), 76 Kelly, Captain (later Admiral Sir) William A. Howard (1873-1952) Commanded HMS Gloucester (1914-16); liaison officer at French Ministry of Marine (1916-17), 93-6, 98, 105, 109, 116-9, 291, 377 n.42, 394 n.43 Kelly, Captain John D. (1871-1936) Commanded HMS Dublin (1914), 60, 71, 96-8 Kemal, Mustafa (Ataturk), 327 Kennedy, Captain Francis. Commanded HMS Indomitable (1914), vii, 24, 29, 34, 53-5, 58-60, 70-4, 76, 87-9, 94, 118, 121, 136, 202, 270, 379 n.3, 399 n.17 Kephalo Point, 312 Kerasun (Turkish ship), 321 Kerr, Rear-Admiral (later Admiral) Mark Edward Frederic (1864-1944) Naval Attaché, Italy, Austria, Turkey and Greece (1903-4). Head of the British Naval Mission to Greece and Commander-in-Chief of the Greek Navy (1913-5); first flag officer to qualify as a pilot (1914); Commander-in-Chief of the British Squadron in the Adriatic (1916-7); Major-General, Royal Air Force (1918); Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (1918), 121, 130, 153, 160, 164, 170, 179, 185-6, 188, 190, 192, 194-5, 198-199, 208, 237-39, 260, 337, 406 n.16, 409 n.13, 413 n.18, 418 n.60, 420 n.14, 421 n.19-20 career of, 145-7 appointed to head Naval Mission, 148-9 friendship with Constantine, 150 work of British Naval Mission, 151, 163, 167-8, 172 estrangement from Venizelos, 162, 170, 197 informed of destination of Goeben, 183-4, 200-2 relations with Kaiser Wilhelm and attempts to influence policy, 202-7 ordered to investigate plans for proposed attack at Gallipoli, 224-6 his plan of attack, 228, 230 sends discouraging telegram to Churchill, 231-6 his motives examined, 240, 245-7, 277, 279-82 ordered to remain in Greece, 241 cannot find employment, 242-3 and Dardanelles Commission, 244 Kettner, Commander. Commanded SMS Breslau (1914), 22, 95, 116, 134-5 Kiamil Pasha (1832-1913) Turkish Grand Vizier (1885-91 (1895); Vali of Smyrna (1895-1906); Grand Vizier (August 1908-February 1909, October 1912-January 1913), 158 Kiderlen-Waechter, Herr von. German Minister at Bucharest (1899-1910); Attached to German Foreign Office (1908-9); Minister for Foreign Affairs (1910-2), 156, 160 Kiel, 377 n.37 Kitchener, Henry Franklin Chevalier: see Broome, Viscount Kitchener, General Sir Herbert Horatio (later Earl Kitchener (1850-1916) Sirdar of the Egyptian Army (1892-9); Commander-in-Chief, India (1902-9); Agent and Consul-General at Cairo (1911-4); Secretary of State for War (1914-6), 8-9, 27-8, 215, 224, 243-4, 265, 379 n.77, 391 n.27, 418 n.60, 420 n.32 Kithera, 118 Kongo (Japanese battle cruiser), 169 Kopp, Georg, 69, 390 n.2 Koslou, 310 Krupps, 167 Kühlmann, Herr Richard von (1873-1949) Councillor of German Embassy at London (1908-14); on missions to Turkey and Scandinavia (1915-7); Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (1917-8), 42, 252 Kum Kale, 228 Kusu, 312-4, 323, 424 n.5 Kythnos (German steamer), 132, 187 Lamb, Mr (since 1919, Sir) Harry Harling (1857-1948) Chief Dragoman to the British Embassy at Constantinople (1903-7); Consul-General at Salonica (1907-13); at the Foreign Office (1914-8), 22 Lambert, Captain (later Admiral Sir) Cecil Foley (1864-1928) 4th Sea Lord (1913-6); commanded 2nd Light Cruiser Squadron 1916-18); commanded British Aegean Squadron (1918), 66, 224, 326, 428 n.57 Lannaka, 21 Lansdowne, The 5th Marquess of (1845-1927) Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (1900-1905), 329 Lapeyrère, Vice-Admiral Auguste Emmanuel Hubert Gaston Marie Boué de (1852-1924) French Minister of Marine (1909-11); C-in-C, Première Armée Navale (1911-15); Vice-Admiral Commanding the Allied Naval forces, Mediterranean (1914-5), 8, 13, 33, 35, 42-7, 49, 53, 55-7, 88-9, 114, 272, 285-6, 300, 387 n.31, n.34 Latona (British ship), 425 n.20 Latouche Tréville (French armoured cruiser, 1894, for details see Bruix), 394 n.32 Lausanne, 153 Law, Andrew Bonar (1858-1923), Conservative MP (1900-10, 1911-23; Leader of the Opposition from 1911), 328-9 Lawrence, T. E., 164 Leghorn, 151 Leipzig, 377 n.40 Lemnos, 157, 215, 310, 316, 319 Leon Gambetta (French armoured cruiser, 1905, 11,959 tons, 480ft, 22½kts, 4x7.6in), 376 n.31 Leondopoulos (Director of Greek naval construction), 167-8 Levant, 118, 121, 126, 130 Levant Line, 391 n.35 Leveson, Rear-Admiral Arthur Cavenagh (1868-1929) Director of the Operations Division, Admiralty (1914-15), 27, 65, 130, 185, 335, 402 n.71 Liberal Government, iii, 4-5, 36, 268, 329 Libya, 153 Lichnowsky, Prince (German Ambassador in London), 36, 383 n.56 lighterage, 352 lighters, 28, 87-8, 322, 357 Limpus, Rear-Admiral (later Admiral) Sir Arthur (1862-1931) British Naval Adviser to the Turkish Government (1912-4); Admiral-Superintendent, Malta (1914-6), vii, 164-6, 172, 215, 236, 300, 334, 407 n.15 Lion (British battle cruiser, 1912, 26, 270 tons, 700ft, 27kts, 8x13.5in), 30, 375 n.8 Lizard (British destroyer), 313-5 Lloyd, George Ambrose (later 1st Baron, 1879-1941) Honorary Attaché, Constantinople (1905-7), 35-6, 328-9 Lloyd, George David (1863-1945) Liberal MP (1890-1931). Chancellor of the Exchequer (1908-15); Minister of Munitions (1915-16); Prime Minister & First Lord of the Treasury (1916-22), 147, 256, 300, 307, 384 n.82, 420 n.32 Lloyds, 331 Lord Nelson (British semi-dreadnought, for details see Agamemnon), 309-10, 318, 322-6, 428 n.52 Loreley (German stationnaire), 11, 82 Lorraine class (French battleship, 1916, 23,230 tons, 544ft, 20kts, 10x13.4in), 167-8 Louvain (British armed boarding steamer), 319, 427 n.31 Lowther, Sir Gerard Augustus (1858-1916) British Minister at Tangier (1905-8); Ambassador at Constantinople (1908-13), 163-6 Loxley, Captain, 392 n.1 Lucerne, 200 Luxembourg, 42 lyddite, 97
M28 (British monitor, 1915, 540 tons, 177ft, 11kts, 1x9.2in), 313-4, 322, 339, 343, 345 Macedonia, 154-5, 180, 211, 265 Macgregor, Commander Donald, 345 McKenna, Reginald (1863-1943) Liberal MP (1895-1918. First Lord of the Admiralty (1908-11); Home Secretary (1911-5); Chancellor of the Exchequer (1915-6), 8-10, 16, 40, 378 n.57 Mackenzie, Sir Edward Montague Compton (1883-1972) Author (worked for British Intelligence in Greece from 1915), 149-50, 197-9, 204, 245, 406 n.16, 412 n.4, 415 n.36 McNeil (Under Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs), 193 Majorca, 55, 70, 73, 75 malaria, 210, 242 Malaya, iv Malida, 122, 186 Mallet, Sir Louis du Pan (1864-1936) Assistant Clerk, British Foreign Office (1902-5); Private Secretary to Sir Edward Grey (1905-6); Senior Clerk (1906-7); Assistant Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (1907-13); Ambassador at Constantinople (1913-14), i, v, 14, 18-20, 161-2, 166, 168-9, 171, 219, 222, 229, 253, 258-60, 300, 306-7, 402 n.83, 424 n.34 Malta, ii, iv, 8-10, 12, 17, 21, 23-5, 27-9, 31-2, 42, 49, 52-6, 70, 77, 83-4, 87, 90-3, 95, 100, 107-8, 118, 120-1, 123-5, 131, 133, 139, 183-5, 187, 190, 192, 198, 208-9, 259, 267, 269, 276, 279-80, 285-7, 292, 302, 304, 316, 319, 324-5, 334, 336, 348-51, 377, 379, 398 n.47, 400 n.35, 403 n.16, 404 n.28, 420 n.9, 426 n.29 Manxman (British seaplane carrier, 1904, 2,048 tons, 341ft, 21kts, 2x4in), 318, 324, 428 n.54 Marmora, Sea of, 141, 157-8, 224-5, 261, 311, 322 Marne, Battle of the, 212, 229, 239, 306 Marsala, 89, 93 Marseilles, 27, 59, 92 Masurian Lakes, Battle of, 229 Mavro, 312 Mediterranean Squadron, i-ii, v-vi, 3-4, 8, 108, 196, 258, 346 Megiddo, Battle of, 326 Mehmed Reshad Effendi (1844-1918) Sultan of Turkey (1909-18), 13-14, 18, 20, 276 Mélas, George (King Constantine’s private secretary), 149 Mensdorff-Pouilly-Dietrichstein, Albert Count (1861-1945) 1st Secretary at the Austro-Hungarian Embassy at London (1904); Ambassador at London (1904-14), 123-4 Mesopotamia, 236, 262, 265 Messimy (French Minister of War), 46 Messina, 13, 16, 27, 31, 47-9, 51-2, 54, 56, 58, 63, 65, 68, 71, 73-5, 77-8, 80-1, 83-8, 90-3, 99, 103-4, 111, 115, 119, 122, 134, 177, 180, 190, 210, 268-9, 272, 286, 288, 295-6, 302, 331-3, 335, 394 n.37, 418 n.3 Messudiyeh (Turkish battleship, originally: 1874, 9,200 tons, 331ft, 13kts, 12x10in; subsequently reconstructed), 334 Mesta, 159 Metaxas, Ioannis (1871-1941) Greek general. 409 n.2 “Metriticicas”, 131, 186, 198, 334 Meuse, 352 Meux, Admiral Sir Hedworth (1856-1929) C-in-C, Portsmouth (1912-16); President of the Court of Inquiry convened to investigate Troubridge’s conduct. 292-3 Midia (see Enos-Midia Line) Milne, Admiral Sir Archibald Berkeley (1855-1938) Second in command, Atlantic Fleet (1905); second in command, Channel (1908); commanded 2nd division, Home Fleet (1909-10); Commander-in-Chief of the Mediterranean Squadron (1912-4), v, vii, 11-3, 24-28, 49, 51, 54-5, 58-59, 62-4, 66, 69-76, 79-81, 88-96, 99-121, 133-38, 183-4, 192, 194, 196, 198, 254, 257-8, 267-76, 278-9, 283, 286, 297-8, 301-3, 377 n.53-4, 378 n.55, 379 n.76, 380 n.9, 382 n.39, 384 n.81, 385 n.85, 386 n.21, 387 n.31, 389 n.70, 390 n.16, 391 n.27, 394 n.37, 401, n.59, n.63, n.66, 403 n.28, 410 n.38, 413 n.33, 418 n.3, 420 n.9, 421 n.3, 422 n.18 influence at Court, 16 peacetime routine, 16-21, 25 receives warning telegram and ‘superior force’ telegram, 25 ordered to remain near Malta, 29 meeting with Troubridge (2 August) and subsequent misunderstanding, 30-4 attempts to communicate with French, 35, 42-3, 88-9 his dispositions, 52-3, 72-3, 83-4, 122 learns of sighting of Goeben, 60 concern for French transports, 74-5, 86-7, 90-3, 138 ordered to respect Italian neutrality, 63 orders Dublin to attempt interception, 95-6 further misunderstanding with Troubridge, 102-4 informed of Troubridge’s decision and his reaction, 108-12 recall of Gloucester, 116-7, 120, 273 and Austrian ‘war’ telegram, 125-30 informed of Goeben’s possible whereabouts, 131-2, 185-8, 208-10 enters Aegean, 136 establishes blockade off Dardanelles, 139-40 returns to England, 285 and Report of Proceedings, 287-9 receives official approbation, 289-90 at Court of Inquiry and Court Martial, 292, 294-6 attempts to justify his actions, 298 Milne, Lt-General (later Field Marshal) Sir George Francis (1866-1948) Chief Staff Officer, III Corps (1914); commanded 27th Division (1915); commanded XVI Corps (1916); Commander-in-Chief, British Salonica Force (1916-18), 311 Military convention, 155, 158, 174, 189, 190, 277, 280 Milo, 136, 188 Mine barrage, 136, 255, 312, 314-5 Minotaur (British first class armoured cruiser, 1908, for details see Defence), 30, 337, 425 n.11 Miramar, 13 Mississippi (American battleship, subsequently Kilkis, for details see Idaho), 169, 172 Mittelmeerdivision, 12-3, 194, 278, 282, 314 Mitylene, 156 Modena, 299 Moffitt, Lieutenant Robert, 341 Moltke (German battle cruiser), 12, 375 n.8 Monitors, 309, 311, 313-4, 317-8, 323, 424 n.5 Montagu, Admiral, 204-6 Montenegro, 154-6, 256 Moraitinis, Commander A. (Royal Hellenic Naval Air Service), 425 n.22 Moreno, 167 Morley, John, Viscount Morley (1838-1923) Liberal MP (1883-1908). Secretary of State for India (1905-10); Lord President of the Council (1910-4), 40, 384 n.82 Moroccan crisis, 4-5, 153 Morto Bay, 311 Moscow, 326-7 Mudros, 185, 309, 311, 314-6, 318-9, 322-4, 326, 426 n.24 Mudros (steamship), 333, 391 n.35 Muhammerah, 263 Munich, 174-5 Murray, General Sir James Wolfe (1853-1919) Chief of the Imperial General Staff (October 1914-September 1915), 420 n.32 Muslim sensitivity, 215, 218, 261-2, 265 mutiny (Greek navy), 151 Mykonos, 187, 402 n.79 Nagara, 153, 311, 316 Naples, 150 Nassau Infantry Regiment, 160 Natal (British first class armoured cruiser class, for details see Black Prince), 311 Nauen, 50 Nauticus, 202 Naval Convention, Triple Alliance, 12, 15, 80 Naval Missions (British), 147-8, 152, 163-4, 170, 205, 210, 215, 240, 277, 279, 296 Naxos, 132 Nelson, Lord Horatio, 150 Neshid Pasha (Turkish steamer), 172 net barrage, 316 New York Shipbuilding Company, 167 New York Times, 170 New Zealand, iv New Zealand (British battle cruiser, for details see Indefatigable), 25, 267-8, 380 n.4 Newcastle, 172, 331 Nicholas, King of Montenegro, 155 Nichols, Beverley, 409 n.12, 416 n.26 Nicholson, W. F., 421 n.3 Nicolson, Sir Arthur (since 1916 (1st Baron Carnock (1849-1928) British Ambassador at Madrid (1905-6); at St Petersburg (1906-10); Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (1910-16), 19, 36, 38, 123-4, 132-3, 137, 164, 214-5, 236, 328, 335, 382 n.50, 415 n.44 Nicolson, Harold, 388 n.50 Nikolaides, 220 Nineteenth (XIXth) Army Corps, 8, 15, 44-6, 49, 92-3, 165 Nore, 17, 21, 297 Nusrat (Turkish ship), 321
Odessa, 326 Ohlenschlager, Lieutenant Norman Albert Gustave (1890-1938) Commanded HMS Lizard (1917-18), 313-5 oil, vi, 54, 58, 72, 90, 262-3, 345 Oran, 44, 56, 58-9 Orlando, 151 Ostrorog, Leon, Legal Adviser to the Porte (1898-1914), 301, 423 n.7 Otranto, 102 Ottley, Rear-Admiral Sir Charles Langley (1858-1932) Director of Naval Intelligence (1905-7), Secretary of the Committee of Imperial Defence (1907-12); Director of Armstrong, Whitworth & Company (1912-7), 300-1, 352 Ottoman Empire, 153, 158, 194, 215, 247, 262, 326-7, 374 n.4 Ottoman Navy, 48, 137, 146-7, 151, 153, 157, 163, 168, 170-1, 176-7, 180, 195, 229, 252, 254, 256, 277-8, 334, 403 n.16 Palestine, 308, 326, 424 n.5 Palma,59-60, 70, 75 Palmas, 70 Pantellaria, 76 Paola, Princess of Saxe-Weimar, 409 n.14 Parkes, Dr Oscar, 246, 337 Parry, Lieutenant (later Admiral Sir) William Edward (1893-1972) Lieutenant, HMS Grasshopper, 5th destroyer flotilla (1914). Commanded HMS Achilles, Battle of the River Plate (1939), 259, 285, 294, 400 n.35 Paschwitz, Vice-Admiral Hubert von Rebeur (1863-1933) Commanded Mittelmeerdivision (1917-18), 308-12, 314-5, 319 Patris (Greek newspaper), 194, 278 Paxos, 84 Penhoët, 167 Persia, 255, 262-3, 265-6 Persian Gulf, 222 Persian neutrality, 262 Petrograd (see St Petersburg) Phalerum Bay, 202 Philippeville, 49-51, 54-7, 59, 88-9 Phillimore, Captain (later Admiral Sir) Richard Fortescue (1864-1940) Captain, HMS Inflexible, from 28 August 1914. Commanded Inflexible at the battle of the Falkland Islands (1914) and at the Dardanelles (1915). Principal Beach Master during the landings at Gallipoli (1915), 392 n.1, 402 n.79 Pincher (British destroyer, for details see Grasshopper), 421 n.4 Piraeus, 122, 190-1, 198, 278, 411 n.47 Pisa (Italian armoured cruiser, for details see Amalfi), 153 Plok (Plock), 190, 411 n.47 Poë, Admiral, 378 n.57 Pohl, Admiral Hugo von. Chief of the German Admiralty Staff (1914), 49-50 Pola, 12-3, 15-6, 24, 83, 88, 104, 107, 127, 273, 304, 335, 356 Politis, Nikolaos, (1872-1942) International jurist, joined Greek Foreign Ministry (1914), subsequently Foreign Minister. 219 Polymitis (see also Bogados), 191 Ponceau, i, 195, 259 Port Arthur, 230 Porte (see Sublime Porte) Portsmouth, 146, 291, 297 Presbitero, Rear-Admiral, 153 Prussian General Staff, 160 Quadt, von Wykradt von, Count, German Minister to Athens (1912-5), 173, 181, 190-1, 193-4, 220, 411 n.44, 416 n.17 Quai d’Orsay, i, 195, 259 Raglan (British monitor, 1915, 6,150 tons, 334ft, 6kts, 2x14in), 313, 322, 339-40, 343-5 railway (see Baghdad Railway) Ras-el-Tin, 145 refit of British ships, 24, 72, 426 n.29 Reggio, 83 Reichstag, 206 Reina Regente (Spanish ship), 376 n.31 Rendel, George, Third Secretary at British Legation, Athens (1914), 121-2, 184-6, 197-8, 210-1, 240, 279, 334, 420 n.15 Repington (A’Court-Repington) Lt-Col. Charles (1858-1925), British Military Attaché at Brussels and the Hague (1899-1902); Military Correspondent of the Times (1904-18), 206 Reshadieh [Reschad V] (Turkish dreadnought, subsequently HMS Erin, 1914, 22,780 tons, 559ft, 21kts, 10x13.5in), 163-4, 166, 169, 172 Rethymo, 187 Reuters, 188 revolution (see Islamic revolution and Young Turk revolution) Rhine, 352 Richmond, Captain (later Admiral Sir) Herbert William (1871-1946) Assistant Director of the Operations Division, Admiralty (1913-5), 224 Rimini, 15 Rio de Janeiro (Brazilian dreadnought: see also Sultan Osman I and Agincourt), 163-6 Ripon, Lord, 375 n.12 Robertson, Sir William, 242 Rodd, Sir James Rennell (1858-1941) British Ambassador at Rome (1908-21), 65, 77, 307, 335 Rogers, Leading Signalman George, 343 Rome, 13, 15, 28, 63, 65, 71, 77, 88, 125, 133, 156, 307, 325, 354, 405 n.40 Roskill, Captain, 246 Rotislav (Russian ship), 376 n.31 Roumania (Rumania), 49, 159-60, 180, 211-2, 218-9, 222, 231, 238, 253, 255-6, 261, 264-5, 306 Runciman, Walter (1870-1949) Liberal MP (1899-1900, 1902-18, 1924-31); National MP (1931-7). President of the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries (1911-4); President of the Board of Trade (1914-6), 39-40 Rusa Bay, 135 Russia, i, 37-8, 40, 49, 79, 141, 159, 161, 165, 176, 181, 211-4, 218-20, 229, 231, 238, 251, 260-4, 306, 308, 329, 376 n.31, 383 n.56, 403 n.14 Russian Admiralty, 131, 183, 186, 188, 198, 334-5 Russian Black Sea Fleet, 48, 133, 176, 222, 225, 255, 274, 278, 335, 348 Russian Government warns London, 133 Russian mobilization, 176 Russian troops, 230 Russian veto, 241 Russo-Japanese War, 114, 270 Ryan, Andrew (later Sir Andrew (1876-1949), Second Dragoman at the British Embassy, Constantinople (1907-14), 20, 171
Saïd Halim Pasha, Mehmed (1863-1921) President of the Council of State (1912); Minister for Foreign Affairs and Grand Vizier (1913-17), i, 18-20, 48, 79-80, 140-1, 162, 173-7, 190, 300, 306, 336 Saint-Seine, Capitaine de vaisseau Jean Charles Just Bénigne de (1865-1954) French Naval Attaché in London (1911-6), 35, 41-3, 55 St James’s Conference (also referred to as Peace Conference and Ambassadors Conference), 156-8 St Petersburg (Petrograd), 130-1, 183-4, 186, 188, 208-9, 212, 218, 223, 229-30, 261, 265, 280, 334-6, 403 n.14 Salamis (Greek battleship, launched November 1914; never completed. As designed: 19,500 tons, 570ft, 23kts, 8x14in), 163, 166-7 Saliba, Mr (British consul), 132, 187, 198, Salis, Midshipman (later Captain) A. F. de, Midshipman, HMS Defence (1914), 126, 400 n.58 Salisbury (Wiltshire), 244 Salonica (Salonika), 32, 121-2, 132, 138, 148, 156, 159, 175, 192, 308-11, 316, 319, 323, 325, 425 n.20, 426 n.24 Samothrace, 157 Samuel, Herbert Louis (1870-1963) Postmaster-General (1910-4); President of the Local Government Board (1914-5), 40, 384 n.82 San Gorgio, 121 San Marco (Italian armoured cruiser, 1911, 10,167 tons, 462ft, 23kts, 4x10in), 153 San Stefano, 322 Sanders, General (later Field Marshal) Liman Otto von (1855-1929) Head of the German Military Mission to Turkey (1913-4); Inspector-General of Turkish Army (1914); commanded Turkish 5th Army at Gallipoli (1915-6), 79, 251, 255, 312 Santa Maura, 84, 99-100, 103, 105, 125 Santorin, 78, 82, 119, 191 Sapienza, 121 Sarajevo (Serajevo), 14, 20, 22, 272 Sardinia, 13, 50, 55, 70-1, 73-5, 86-7, 89, 91 Saros (see Gulf of Saros) Savory, Squadron Commander Kenneth, 426 n.24 Sazonof (Sazonov), M. Sergei Dmitrievich (1866-1927) Councillor of Russian Embassy at London (1904-6); Agent to the Vatican (1906-9); Russian Minister for Foreign Affairs (1910-6), 213, 215, 220-1, 229-30, 261-5 Scharnhorst (German heavy cruiser, 1907, 12,781 tons, 475ft, 23.5kts, 8x210mm), 338 Schneiders, 167-8 Scott, Leslie, K.C., M.P. (Troubridge’s defence counsel), 295 Scott, Admiral Sir Percy (1853-1924) Captain of the RN Gunnery School (1903-5); Inspector of Target Practice (1905). Hauled down flag 1909 but recalled to Admiralty for special service (1914-18), 145, 294, 422 n.28 Scutari, 156, 158 secret agents, 203, 205, 220, 281, 337, 348, 352-3 Senate Committee (US), 169 sequestration of coal stocks, 193 Serajevo (see Sarajevo) Serbia (Servia), v, 22-3, 25, 80, 154-5, 158-9, 174-6, 179-80, 189, 211, 213-4, 216-9, 221, 231, 235, 238, 254, 256, 261, 265, 296, 305-6, 422 n.35 Serpho, 138 Shannon (British first class armoured cruiser, 1908, for details see Black Prince), 10 Shatt-el-Arab, 263 Sheerness, 377 Sicilia (Italian steamer), 117 Sicily, 13, 50, 52, 54, 61, 72-7, 82-3, 87-8, 90-1, 93, 103, 302 Simon, Sir John Allsebrook (1873-1954) Liberal MP (1906-18 (1922-31). Solicitor-General (1910-3); Attorney-General with a seat in the Cabinet (1913-15), 40, 384 n.82 Siphano Channel, 136 Sirpho, 136 Skyros, 324 Slade, Vice-Admiral Sir Edmond John Warre (1859-1928) Director of Naval Intelligence (1907-8); attached to the Commission on Oil Fuel Supplies (1912-4), 352-3, 356 Slavism, 180-1, 189 sleeper agent, 204 Smith, F. E., 328 Smyrna, 119, 121, 135, 309 Smyrna Army Corps, 228 Sofia, 154-5, 159, 219, 221, 229, 238 Sophie, Queen, 202, 214 Sopwith Camel, 315, 317, 320 Sorley, Flight Commander, 322 Souchon, Rear-Admiral Wilhelm, (1864-1933) Commander of the German Mediterranean Squadron, October 1913-August 1914. Appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Turkish Navy (September 1914), ii, iv, vi, 18-20, 26, 51-54, 57-8, 68, 82-84, 86-7, 90, 94-7, 106, 113, 115-6, 118-22, 130-1, 136-41, 181-5, 194, 198-200, 202, 207-11, 246-7, 256, 258-9, 263, 268-78, 280, 282-3, 288-9, 296, 300-1, 304, 377 n.40, n.47, 387 n.34, 389 n.70, 393 n.16, 398 n.5, 410 n.38, 413 n.33, 425 n.9, n.18 appointed commander of Mittelmeerdivision, 13 peacetime routine, 14 returns to Pola for repairs, 15 proceeds to Messina, 16 problem of coaling, 48-9, 77-9, 134, 190-2, 194, 199, 332 plans to disrupt French transports, 49-50 ordered to Constantinople, 50 order rescinded, 79 ignores orders, 53, 80, 177 returns to Messina after bombardment, 56, 71, 77 his intentions, 79-82 appeals for help from Austria, 81 breaks out from Messina, 91 alters course towards Aegean, 95-6 plans ambush, 117-8 attempts to contact Constantinople, 119, 135 enters Dardanelles, 140 his position in the Turkish fleet, 251-2 ordered to attack Russian fleet, 253-4 recalled to Germany, 308 Sowerby, Captain Charles, Commanded HMS Indefatigable (1914), 53, 58, 70, 422 n.18 Spain, 25, 264, 376 n.31 Spezia, 13 spy (German), 76 spying, 150 Stamboul, 222 Stanley, Beatrice Venetia (1887-1948) A cousin of Clementine Churchill and Asquith’s confidante. 40 Stationnaire (see Loreley) Stenia Bay, 310-1, 322, 426 n.24 Stettiner Abendpost, 322 Stinnes, Hugo, 77 Straits of Dardanelles and Bosphorus, i, 20, 79, 133, 135, 139-40, 157, 171, 176-7, 191, 198, 222, 235, 246, 252, 255-6, 259, 261-4, 283, 309, 312, 315-8, 320, 323, 325, 335-6 Straits of Dover, 5, 375 n.13 Straits of Gibraltar, 54, 102, 288, 349-50 Straits of Messina, 27, 31, 52-3, 63, 73-5, 81, 83, 85-6, 90-2, 94, 99, 103, 115, 269, 302, 332, 394 n.37 Strasbourg (Strassburg) (German light cruiser, for details see Breslau), 12, 27 strategy, 6, 15, 66, 168, 210, 244, 266, 292, 349 Streit, Georgios (1868-1948) Greek Ambassador to Vienna (1910-3), Foreign Minister (1914), 175, 191, 216-7, 220, 230-4, 416 n.17 Sturdee, Rear-Admiral Sir Frederick Charles Doveton (1859-1925) Assistant Director of Naval Intelligence (1900-2); Rear-Admiral, Home Fleet (1909-10); Chief of the Admiralty War Staff (1914); Commander-in-Chief of the 4th Battle Squadron (1915-8), 28-30, 41, 52, 54, 61, 63, 65-6, 291, 297, 381 n.28 Sublime Porte, i, 13, 18, 117, 133, 157, 164, 177, 220, 229, 247, 253, 256, 259, 301, 336, 411 n.52 submarines, 75, 146-7, 149-50, 167-8, 308, 311, 318-20, 325, 351, 375 n.13, 426 n.29, 427 n.40 Suez Canal, 5, 75, 136-7, 191, 252, 255, 273, 323, 351, 391 n.27, 403 n.12 Suez Convention, 137 Suffolk class (British ship), 311 Suffren (French battleship, 1903, 12,527 tons, 412ft, 17.9kts, 4x12in), 45 Sultan of Turkey (see Abdul Hamid and Mehmed V) Sultan Osman I (Turkish dreadnought, subsequently HMS Agincourt), 166-7, 169, 172, 257-8, 421 n.3 Sumida, Jon Tetsuro, 337 Superintendent, Malta (see Admiral Superintendent) suzerainty, 161, 173 Swedish Minister to the Porte, i, 259 Syra, 120-2, 130-3, 136-9, 185-8, 192-3, 197-9, 208-10, 268, 276, 279-80, 334-6, 400 n.52, 403 n.14, 412 n.4, 413 n.33 Syracuse, 392 n.35 Syria, 14, 222, 265
Tache Kéchla Barracks, 14 Talaat, Pasha, Mehmed (1874-1921) Member of the Young Turk triumvirate (1908). First Vice-President of the Turkish Chamber of Deputies (1909); Minister for the Interior (1909-1911); Minister of Post and Telegraph (1912); Minister for the Interior (1913-7); Grand Vizier (1917-8), 141, 158, 173, 219-20, 229, 326-7 Talbot, Colonel, 224 Talbot, Lord Edmund, 329 Tamelos, 136 Tangier, 4 Tannenburg, 229 Taranto, 32, 53 Tartars, 181 Tasfir-I-Efkiar (Turkish newspaper), 377 n.44 Tatoi (Greece), 181 Tchatalja lines, 156 Telegraphy (see Wireless Telegraphy) Tenedos, 139, 157, 225, 311, 315 Thasos, 157, 318 Theotokis, Nikolaos (1878-1922) Greek Minister in Berlin (1914). Subsequently executed. 160, 180, 182, 189-91, 201, 277 Therapia, 19, 171 Thermia, 138 Thessaly, 155 Thomson, Sir Basil, 326 Thomson, Director of Transport at the Admiralty, 224 Thrace, 155, 161, 171, 223, 265 “Three Conventions”, 5 Tiflis, 327 Tirpitz, Grossadmiral Alfred von (1849-1930) Secretary of State for the German Navy (1897-1916), 12, 50, 177, 206-7, 413 n.29 Togo, Admiral, 292 Torgut Reis (Turkish battleship, ex-Weissenburg), 157, 321 Toulon, ii, 7, 36, 43-4, 47, 49, 55, 57, 65, 92, 124, 268, 272, 300, 328 Trafalgar, 246 transposed alphabet, 101 Transylvania, 211 treason, 199 Treasury, Greek, 240 Treaty (see Turco-German Alliance) Treaty between Greece and Serbia, 158, 174, 213, 217-8 Treaty (draft) between Austria and Bulgaria, 238 Treaty of Bucharest, 159 Treaty of Friendship and Alliance (Bulgaria and Serbia), 154 Treaty of London, 158 Treaty of Lausanne, 153 Treaty of Peace (Germany and Russia): see Brest-Litovsk Treaty of Peace and Reciprocal Protection (proposed) (Greece and Turkey), 173 Trechmanns, 331 Triad (Admiralty yacht), 310-1, 320, 323 trial speed, 57, 94, 268, 272, 303, 394 n.43 Trieste, 13, 83, 174 Trifilli (British and Austrian consul), 187 Triple Alliance Naval Convention, 12, 15, 80 Triplice, 238 Tripoli, 21 Tripoli War, 154 troopships, 308 Troubridge, Rear-Admiral (later Admiral Sir) Ernest Charles Thomas (1860-1926) Naval Attaché, Vienna, Madrid, Tokyo (1901-4); Private Secretary to the First Lord (1911); Chief of the Admiralty War Staff (1912); Commander of the 1st Cruiser Squadron, Mediterranean (1912-4); Head of the British Naval Mission to Serbia (1915-16), v-vii, 25-6, 41-2, 49, 56-8, 73-4, 79, 81, 90-1, 93, 95, 118, 120, 130, 135, 139, 188-9, 236, 258, 267-74, 276, 285-7, 298, 308, 387 n.31, n.34, 396 n.1, n.7, n.16, 397 n.26, 398 n.47, 401 n.59, n.63, 421 n.6, 422 n.16, n.28, 423 n.27 as Chief of Staff, 8 released to sea duty, 21 patrolling off Durazzo, 22-4 prepares for action, 28 meeting with Milne (2 August) and subsequent misunderstanding regarding superior force, 30-33 proceeds from Malta towards Adriatic, 34 ordered westwards, 52-3 returns to Adriatic, battle cruisers detached, 53 a further misunderstanding regarding his duties, 75-6 believes Goeben is sailing through Straits of Messina without stopping, 83-4 his proposed plan of attack, 84-5 resumes patrol, 86 believes Goeben is heading for Adriatic, 96 his predicament and change of mind, 99-111 his state of mind, personality and dubious recall of events, 113-6, 283, 301-6 and Austrian ‘war’ telegram, 125-6 lays groundwork for defence, 286 blamed by Admiralty, 289-90 ordered to face Court of Inquiry, 291 proceedings of Court of Inquiry and Court Martial, 292-6 his allegation against ‘Diplomatic Officers”, 299-300 Troy, i Trummler, Admiral, 11, 13 Tryon, Admiral, 246 Tudor, Rear-Admiral Frederick (1863-1946) Third Sea Lord from August 1914. 296 Tufnell, Rear-Admiral Lionel (Head of British Naval Mission, Athens), 148, 152-3, 205 turbines, 4, 12-3, 69, 168, 202, 314 Turco-German Alliance, 48-9, 175, 181-2, 189-92, 195, 199-200, 229, 252, 276, 279-82, 300, 306 Turco-Italian War, 140, 154 Turkish Cabinet, 140, 158, 177, 252, 326 Turkish Fleet (see Ottoman Navy) Turkish Republic, 327 Tweedmouth, 206, 374 n.7, 413 n.25 Tyne, river, 172, 257 UC22 (German submarine), 319 UC23 (German submarine), 311 Union between Crete and Greece, 5 Usborne, Admiral, 425 n.20 Usedom, Admiral Guido von. Commanded Turkish land defences, Bosphorus and Dardanelles (1914-15), 252, 255 Uskub, 156 usurious loan, 166 Valletta, 53 Valona, 23 Vasilico Bay, 99, 101, 105 Vat, Dan van der, vi-vii, 380 n.9, 385 n.85, 387 n.34, 399 n.13, 426 n.28 Venizelist faction, 194, 197-8, 278 Venizelos, Eleutherios, (1864-1936) Entered Cretan politics (1889) Founder and leader of the Greek Liberal Party. Prime Minister of Greece (1910-5, 1917-20, 1924, 1928-32, 1933), 152, 160, 167-8, 172, 193-95, 198-9, 201, 210-18, 220-3, 228, 230, 237, 241, 244, 257, 268, 276-82, 406 n.16, 412 n.5, 413 n.31, 421 n.19 relations with Admiral Kerr, 150, 170 and Balkan League, 154-5 his intrigues, 161-2 Entente sympathies, 161, 191-2, 281 negotiations with Turkey, 173-5 informs British of Turco-German ‘military convention’, 189-90 supplies coal to Goeben and Breslau, 190-2, 210, 277, 411 n.44 his motives, 192-5, 247, 278-9 and Balkan Confederation, 211-2 fear of territorial concessions, 213, 220-3, 235-6, 238-9 desires Greek participation in the War, 215 places Greek forces at disposal of Entente, 216-7 fear of Bulgarian intentions, 218, 227, 229, 239 tries to prevent Kerr sending discouraging telegram, 231-2 allegations against King Constantine, 233-4 demobilizes fleet, 240 Vere, Arthur de Vere (1852-1916) British resident and agent for Vickers in Constantinople until his return to London in October 1914. 299-301 Verner, Lieutenant-Commander, 126, 131, 404 n.19 Vesuvio (collier), 100, 396 n.7 veto on use of Greek troops, 239, 241 Viceroy of India, 263 Vickers (see also Armstrong), 163, 299 Victoria (British battleship), 246 Vienna, 48, 81, 155, 238, 354-6, 379 n.84 Vittoria, 50, 76 Vladivostock, 230 Von der Tann (German battle cruiser), 4, 338 Vulkan yard, 152 Waltraute (German collier), 99 Wangenheim, Baron Hans Freiherr von (1859-1915) German Minister at Athens (1909-12); Ambassador at Constantinople (1912-15), 48-50, 79, 140-1, 175-8, 219 War Warning telegram, 24-5, 84, 287 Ward, Lieutenant Melvill Willis, 340 Wargrave Manor, 329 “Warplume”, 131, 186, 198, 334 Warrior (British first class armoured cruiser: for details see Black Prince), 24, 29, 31, 34, 104, 106, 398 n.47 Warsaw, Battle of, 253 Washington, D.C., 170 waverers in Turkish Cabinet, 252 Welsh coal, 77, 87 Wemyss, 320 Wertheim, Mrs (daughter of American Ambassador to the Porte), 117 Whitehall, 38, 245, 262 Wied, Prince Wilhelm zu, 16, 21, 23, 379 n. 77, n. 84 Wilhelm II, Kaiser (1859-1941), Emperor of Germany (1888-1918), 13, 21, 49, 79, 134, 148-9, 175, 181-83, 189, 195, 199-201, 214, 223, 231, 233, 281-2, 409 n.13, 413 n.31, 424 n.5 support for Morocco, 4 orders Souchon to Constantinople, 50 his attempts at Balkan diplomacy, 159-60, 174, 176 sends warning to Athens, 179 informs Constantine of destination of Goeben and Breslau, 180 relations with Admiral Kerr, 202-7 Williams, Rear-Admiral, 406 n.20 Willmore, J. S., 201 Wilson, Admiral Sir Arthur Knyvet (1842-1921) Commander-in-Chief of the Home and Channel Fleets (1901-7); First Sea Lord (1910-11); employed at the Admiralty in an unofficial capacity throughout the war. 7, 123, 147, 291, 295 Wilson, General Sir Henry Hughes (1864-1922) Director of Military Operations (1910-4); chief liaison officer with the French Army (1915), 36, 329 Wilson, President Woodrow, 170 Wilster (British collier), 77, 331-3 Winsloe, Admiral, 17, 379 n.76, 378 n.59 Wireless Telegraphy, vii, 13, 22, 25, 43, 50, 56, 59, 61, 65, 69, 71, 76, 82-3, 91, 101, 107, 119, 122, 126, 135, 137, 139, 185-6, 188, 208-9, 274, 279-80, 282, 312-3, 318, 343, 377 n.40, 389 n.64 Wolverine (British destroyer, 1910, for details see Grasshopper), 99, 101, 125-6 Woodward, Flight Lieutenant, 317 Worth (German battleship), 164 Wray, Captain (later Vice-Admiral) Fawcet (1873-1932) Commanded HMS Defence (1914), v, 22, 102, 108-9, 296, 298, 303, 305-6, 397 n.37, 398 n.47, n.49 Yeniköy, 176 Yildiz Kiosk, 20 Young Turk revolution (1908), 154, 326 Zaimis, Alexander, 219 Zante, 95-6, 105, 111, 130 Zeppelins, 243
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